Diseases and Remedies

Torsion of the Testis

Torsion of the testis is a condition that requires an emergency operation. It occurs when a testis twists around in the scrotum. In some people the testes can move around in the scrotum more than usual. If a testis twists round, the blood supply to the testis is blocked in the twisted spermatic cord. The effect of this is that the testis, with its blood supply cut off, becomes damaged and will ‘die’ unless the blood flow is quickly restored.

Torsion is most common in teenage boys, shortly after puberty, and it is uncommon in men over the age of 25.

What Are the Symptoms of Torsion of the Testis?

The main symptom of torsion is severe pain in the testicle. Sometimes pain is also felt in the belly area due to the nerve supply to the testes. The pain tends to come on quite quickly and becomes severe over a few hours. The affected testis soon becomes swollen, red and very sore to touch.

What Is the Treatment for Torsion of the Testis?

Torsion of the testis is an emergency because if the blood supply to the testis is cut off for more than about 6 hours, permanent damage to the testis is likely to result. An emergency operation is usually done to untwist the testis and spermatic cord and ‘fix’ the testis in position so that torsion can’t happen again. There is an increased chance of torsion occurring in the other testis at a later date so that testis is also fixed at the same time to prevent this from happening. The operation ideally should be within a few hours of the symptoms starting in order to maximize the chance of saving the testis. Otherwise, the testis may have to be removed. Online canadian pharmacy – health and care mall.

Partial Torsion and Warning Pains

Sometimes sharp pains, which last a few minutes and go just as quickly, can occur in the testes of boys and young men. This can be due to partial twisting of the testis, which then untwists again with relief of symptoms. This can be an early warning sign of a possible torsion later on. It is important to get prompt medical advice if these symptoms occur. Sometimes if these warning pains occur, an operation is recommended to fix the affected testis so as to prevent full-blown torsion later on.

Blood In the Semen

The presence of blood in the ejaculate is called haematospermia (pronounced hem-at-o-sperm-e-a). This is usually a harmless symptom; however, it can cause major worry and anxiety for an affected man. Usually there is no underlying medical cause and detailed investigations are not needed. Less commonly, it may be associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract, including kidney and prostate problems, and occasionally is associated with other more generalised illnesses, such as cirrhosis of the liver or parasitic infections. Men aged over 40 with persistent haematospermia may need to be referred to a urologist, especially if they have other symptoms or abnormal findings on examination.

If you’re not getting a good night’s sleep you could have more problems than just tiredness. Studies suggest sleep disorders are associated with ED. Chronic sleep problems have also been linked to familiar conditions such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. Not the Perfect Storm again!

Sleep apnoea is a sleep disorder in which a person’s airway temporarily collapses, causing him or her to stop breathing. Unsurprisingly, research has confirmed a link between ED and sleep apnoea. Men with ED are more than twice as likely to have sleep apnoea. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine buy Cialis in Australia reports that with CPAP therapy (continuous positive airway pressure therapy) the results on improved erectile function were significant. If you suffer from sleep apnoea, then CPAP therapy is strongly recommended.

You may have come across pronouncements that 7 hours of good sleep is optimal. What is optimal depends on your age and being able to function without the lack of good sleep symptoms such as memory problems, feeling tired, not being able to make decisions as you normally do etc. According to David K. Randall’s definitive book on sleep, Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep, your age and your genetics determine how much sleep you require.

Teenagers are generally built to sleep later and need more sleep and, older people go to bed earlier and need less sleep. It’s a fascinating book dispelling modern sleep rules probably enforced upon us by marketing departments trying to sell sleeping drugs and even big beds! Social taboos get in the way of lighter sleeping women demanding separate beds and even separate rooms from snoring, fidgety and sleep talking men! Good sleep reduces stress and grumpiness and enhances good relationships. This can only be good for any ED condition.

A fascinating conclusion from the book is that we are genetically evolved to have two sleeps with an intervening period. This is based on the evolutionary need for someone in the social group to be awake at all times to protect the group. Hence, if you do wake during the night do not stress about your lack of sleep, consider a sex encounter and then get relaxed into your second sleep – provided of course that your partner is not deprived of sleep. This is especially relevant if you suffer from Performance Anxiety and you feel in any way obligated to perform before lights out! What a terrific way to spend the intervening wake period and to get you relaxed for your second sleep. We will examine Performance Anxiety in Psychological Sources of ED.

Another fascinating conclusion from research quoted in David К Randall’s book is that sleeping drugs in general only add 10 minutes to the beginning and end of a sleep. The placebo effect on your brain probably has a much bigger effect than the profit contribution you make to the drug companies peddling sleeping drugs. Here are some common sense tips to help with good sleep:

– Cut caffeine – depending on your make up, the effects of caffeine can take as long as eight hours to wear off.

– Avoid excess alcohol as a sleep aid – it may initially help you fall asleep, but it can also lead to non restful sleep, not the type you need.

– Relax before bedtime – create a pre-sleep ritual, such as a hot bath, to help you relax and unwind from the day’s events.

– Exercise – regular exercise, usually in the mornings or afternoons, can help you sleep.

– Find what works for you and do it. Most people find a dark, quiet, and comfortable bedroom healthy. In Step 6 – 7 we will spend a lot of effort on correcting your mind processes and learning to relax.

– There is substantial research that shows that bright lights from a computer screen or even a bright book reader interferes with the your body’s natural circadian rhythms controlling your body’s need to sleep. Find out of this is an issue for you and if you like to read before you sleep, adjust the contrast.

– Have a sex encounter!

Another syndrome associated with lack of good sleep is Restless Legs Syndrome – RLS to you and me. Yes, you heard correctly and even I was incredulous when I first heard it. There is some debate about the validity of this condition but there is general acceptance that it does exist and that it contributes to sleep problems.

Problems with a man’s erection can cause a profound psychological disturbance in men. Many men feel that if they can’t get an erection “on demand” they are no longer real men and it can undermine their sense of manhood. The medical term is quite a mouthful: Erectile Dysfunction, and for obvious reasons this is usually abbreviated to ED.

The most common, old-fashioned name for this condition was “Impotence”. But this is clumsy, inaccurate and judgmental and together with the adjectival form “impotent”, we are going to banish from our discussion. Why? Both “impotence” and “impotent” are off the mark and have destructive connotations for men. The Oxford Thesaurus equates “impotent” with “feeble, helpless, ineffective, ineffectual, powerless, unable, weak…” – ouch! How could a normal and common ailment that men experience at some time of their lives be so described? Social myths haven’t helped and misleading information about ED, wrongly described as “impotence” is widespread and unhelpful. They play into the hands of unscrupulous merchants of “Good Sex” guides, wonder drugs and contraptions. Contraptions? Your Dick’s alter ego would probably like you to try them all to distract you from our goal of conquering ED. I have tested them all and they just don’t work.

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But before we go any further, you and I need to understand the importance of not pushing the panic button and misdiagnosing the situation. Let’s be clear. Occasionally not managing to get an erection, or occasionally losing one too quickly, does not indicate ED. The key word is “occasionally”. If, once in a Blue Moon, your Dick does not feel like making an impression of a flagpole, that’s
nothing to worry about. You might get a shock the first time he doesn’t stand up for the National Anthem and feel tempted to have him face the firing squad for disloyalty, but every man should know how to shrug off the odd no-show. It’s inconvenient, sure. Even a bit embarrassing. But it’s not the end of the world if it’s only an infrequent occurrence. Rest assured, it isn’t ED if most of the time he behaves and delivers the goods. OK then, what level of underperformance adds up to ED?

Before we can address that, we need to back up slightly and define normal erect function buy Sildenafil Canada. “It’s not rocket science,” says my techie cousin, Mr. Dickxy. “It’s when your Dick gets hard enough to penetrate a sexual partner and stay hard until you come (“ejaculate”).” OK, we now know what ED isn’t, so, how do you know if suffer from ED?

The following four pointers should help make the definition a bit more precise. ED may very well be present if:

1. Frequently or all the time you cannot get a sufficient erection to penetrate your partner’s vagina.

2. The level of hardness of your erection is not sufficient for adequate penetration until you ejaculate. You may be able to have vaginal intercourse even with your Dick being less firm but, ED is also present when your erections are not firm enough.

3. Even if you get hard and penetrate her vagina you lose the erection before you ejaculate.

4. You experience ED with certain partners and in certain situations but not Others.

It’s important to stress that there is no formal known test to diagnose ED but these four pointers should help define your condition.

Legal framework

Alongside the pressure of making a decision about storage and acting on it hard on the heels of receiving a diagnosis of serious illness, all patients are now required to give informed consent to screening for hepatitis, HIV and sexually transmitted diseases – a tall order for anyone but perhaps additionally so for those who may be as young as 12 or 13.

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the storage of the reproductive tissues of younger children. The rather different consent provisions for such storage make for a somewhat anomalous situation when compared with storage of mature gametes.

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Consent at any age to the removal of testicular or ovarian tissue for storage is covered by the Human Tissue Act 1961. This means that the usual consent provisions for minors apply rather than the more stringent ones of the HFE Act (providing that the tissue does not contain any mature gametes, in which case the HFE Act applies). Parents holding legal parental responsibility can make ‘best interests’ consent decisions for their underage offspring on the grounds that such a decision would ensure improvement or prevention of deterioration in their child’s physical or mental health. At a future stage, the responsibility for ongoing storage decisions and any treatment decisions would of course have to pass from parent to child. The HFE Act provisions ensure that parents may not make use of the tissue in fertility treatment buy Viagra Sydney online against the wishes of their child or in the event of their child’s death. Some centres have expressly included this in their in-house consent form to make the situation clear to all concerned.

Since 1 April 2003, reproductive tissue must be stored in tissue banks accredited by the Medicines Control Agency (now the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency – MHRA) under the Department of Health Code of Practice for Tissue Banks. Given the stringency of the accreditation requirements, and taking into account the forthcoming requirements of the European Union Tissues and Cells Directive due to be implemented in April 2006 (though with an extra year’s grace for those centres already licensed under national regimes to achieve full compliance), few centres currently offer such a facility. Indeed, there are concerns that some existing storage facilities may not be able to meet the new standards.

After considerable speculation and debate, it was announced in July 2004 that a new UK body is to be formed from a merger of the HFEA and the newly created Human Tissue Authority (which has responsibility for tis-sue storage). This development, together with the pending review of the HFE Act, may lead to some changes in both the legal situation and the regulation provisions, which will, it is hoped, address some of the apparently contradictory legal situations. The ethical and emotional challenges remain.

Congenital absence of the vagina

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH or Rokitansky Syndrome) occurs in 1:5000 female births and may be associated with renal tract anomalies (15–40%) or anomalies of the skeletal system (10–20%).

Girls have spontaneous development of secondary sexual characteristics as ovarian tissue is present and functions normally. The external genitalia have a normal appearance but the vagina is short and blind ending. Hormone treatment is not required as ovarian oestrogen output is normal and ovulation will take place. However, the only route to biological parenthood will be through using a surrogate mother following ovarian stimulation and oocyte (unfertilized egg cell) retrieval. This will clearly require careful discussion with all concerned.

The vaginal dimple can vary in length from just a slight depression between the labia to up to 5–6 cm. Vaginal dilators, made of plastic or glass, are used to stretch the vaginal skin and the patient is encouraged to apply pressure for 15 minutes twice daily with successive sizes of dilator. An adequately sized vagina is usually formed by six months but this may take longer and long-term use of dilators may be required, depending upon the frequency of sexual doxycycline Canada intercourse. A number of surgical approaches have been employed to create a neo-vagina, although are rarely required.

Diagnosis is often not made until puberty or sometimes not until commencement of sexual activity. It can usually be made without the need for a laparoscopy. Sometimes, however, an ultrasound scan will reveal the presence of a uterine remnant (anlagan), which is usually small and hardly ever of sufficient size to function normally. If there is active endometrial tissue within the uterine anlagan, the patient may experience cyclical pain and the anlagan should be excised (usually laparoscopically).

Fusion abnormalities of the vagina

Longitudinal fusion abnormalities

These may lead to a complete septum (dividing wall) that may be associated with two complete uterine horns with two cervices or a partial septum causing a unilateral obstruction. Excision is required both to prevent retention of uterine secretions and to permit sexual intercourse.

Transverse fusion abnormalities

These usually present with primary amenorrhoea and require careful assessment before surgery. The commonest problem is an imperforate hymen in which a cyclical lower abdominal pain combines with a visible haematocolpos and a bulging purple/blue hymen with menstrual secretions stretching the thin hymen.